What's Allowed in Quebec? A Friendly Guide for Newcomers

So, you’ve just moved to Quebec — or maybe you’re planning to. First of all, welcome! Whether you’re settling in Montreal, Quebec City, Gatineau, or somewhere in between, it helps to know a few local dos and don’ts. Quebec has its own unique set of rules, culture, and lifestyle, and they’re a bit different from what you might expect elsewhere in Canada, especially regarding the Quebec drinking age.

Laws in Quebec play a crucial role in shaping society and maintaining order within the framework of criminal law, ensuring that the rights and responsibilities of individuals are upheld.

This guide walks you through what’s allowed, what’s not, and what to be aware of in everyday life. No jargon, no robotic language — just straight-up info from someone who’s been there.

Introduction to Quebec

Welcome to Quebec, a province in Canada known for its unique culture, rich history, and distinct legal framework. One of the first things you’ll notice is that the legal drinking age here is 18. This means that once you reach this age, you can legally consume alcoholic beverages, whether it’s a glass of wine at a local vineyard or a pint of beer at one of Quebec’s many breweries.

Quebec operates under its own civil code, which helps resolve disputes and protect individual rights. This legal system is a bit different from the rest of Canada, so it’s good to familiarize yourself with it. The province has a long-standing tradition of wine and beer production, contributing to its vibrant local culture.

The laws and regulations around alcohol consumption in Quebec are designed to encourage responsible drinking and safeguard public health. So, while you enjoy the local brews and wines, remember to do so responsibly and in accordance with the local laws regarding underage consumption .

French is the Law (and a Way of Life)

Let’s start with the big one: French is the official language of Quebec. That doesn’t mean you won’t hear English — especially in larger cities — but in most situations, French comes first. Signs, websites, government documents, job applications — they’re all in French by default.

You don’t need to be fluent right away, but learning even basic French will go a long way. You’ll need it at the doctor’s office, when registering your kids for school, and sometimes even in the grocery store.

Good to know: Quebec offers free French classes for newcomers through official government programs. Don’t skip them — they’re one of the best ways to adjust to life here.

Renting in Quebec: What to Expect

Finding a place to live is often one of the first (and most stressful) tasks when moving to a new province. In Quebec, rental laws are a bit different from the rest of Canada, and there are some local customs that can catch newcomers off guard. Here’s what you need to know — whether you’re looking for a long-term home or a temporary place to land.

Long-Term Rentals

In Quebec, all long-term rentals (typically 12 months) are governed by clear, tenant-friendly laws.

• Standard lease forms are mandatory. Landlords are required by law to use a government-issued lease template (available in French and English). Don’t sign anything informal — if it’s not the official form, it’s not valid.

• July 1st is “Moving Day.” While you can move at any time of year, July 1st is the most common lease start date — a decades-old tradition across the province. It’s hectic, so plan ahead if you're moving around this time. Truck rentals and movers get booked months in advance.

• Rent increases are controlled. Your landlord can’t raise the rent whenever they feel like it. They must notify you several months before your lease renews, and you have the right to negotiate or refuse an unreasonable increase through the Tribunal administratif du logement (TAL), Quebec’s rental board.

• Most apartments are unfurnished, but basic appliances like a stove and refrigerator are usually included. Washers, dryers, and dishwashers, however, are not always allowed — especially in older buildings — unless explicitly permitted by the lease.

Heads up: If a unit has “chauffage inclus” (heating included), that’s a big plus — winters are long, and heating bills can be high if you're paying separately.

Monthly Rentals (31+ Days)

Not ready to commit to a year-long lease? Monthly rentals are a good option if you’re still job-hunting, waiting for permanent residency, or just want flexibility.

• Monthly leases are legal and common in cities like Montreal and Quebec City.

• These can be sublets (someone renting out their apartment temporarily) or fully furnished apartments meant for short stays.

• Even if it’s a temporary stay, always ask for a written agreement. Verbal agreements are risky — especially if something goes wrong or you need to prove your right to stay.

Some landlords will ask for references or proof of income, while others may be more flexible if you’re a newcomer. Don’t be afraid to explain your situation — many have rented to new arrivals before.

Short-Term Rentals (Nightly/Weekly)

Staying for just a few days or weeks? Be careful where you book — short-term rentals in Quebec are heavily regulated.

• Airbnb and similar platforms are legal only if the host is registered with the government and displays a valid CITQ (Corporation de l'industrie touristique du Québec) number in their listing.

• In many residential neighbourhoods, short-term rentals are banned or restricted to a person’s primary residence only — meaning you can’t legally rent an empty apartment just for tourist use.

• Illegal rentals can be shut down without notice, leaving you scrambling to find a new place. That’s the last thing you want if you’ve just arrived in town.

Pro tip: Scroll to the bottom of the Airbnb listing. If there’s no “registration number” or CITQ code, skip it — or message the host and ask. You can also check the CITQ database online.

A Few More Things to Know:

• Pets: Not all buildings allow them. Check your lease — if pets are banned and you bring one in, you could be evicted.

• Security deposits: In Quebec, landlords can only request the first month’s rent — no extra deposit for furniture, cleaning, or “last month’s rent.” If they ask, it’s not legal.

• Repairs: Tenants have the right to a livable home. If your landlord refuses to fix something essential (like heating or plumbing), you can file a complaint with the TAL.

• Evictions: A landlord can’t evict you just because they want to raise the rent or sell the property. There are strict rules around eviction, and tenants have many protections.

Renting in Quebec may feel a little bureaucratic at first, but once you understand your rights, it’s actually one of the more tenant-friendly provinces in Canada. Whether you're here short-term or for the long haul, knowing the basics can save you time, stress, and money.

Alcohol, Tobacco, and Cannabis: What’s the Legal Drinking Age?

Quebec has its own approach when it comes to alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis — and it’s important to know the rules, including how they differ from federal laws, if you’ve just moved here.

Legal Ages

• 18+ for alcohol and tobacco — this is the same as Alberta and Manitoba. Quebec has one of the lowest legal ages for drinking and smoking in Canada.

• 21+ for cannabis — this is stricter than any other province. In most of Canada, the legal age is 19, but Quebec raised it in 2020 to discourage early consumption among youth.

Worth noting: While you can drink at 18, other provinces vary — in Ontario and B.C., for example, the legal drinking age is 19. If you travel within Canada, keep this in mind.

Where and How You Can Buy

• Beer and wine are available in most grocery stores, convenience stores (dépanneurs), and even some gas stations. You can buy them until 11 PM.

• Spirits and hard liquor (vodka, whisky, etc.) are only sold through the SAQ (Société des alcools du Québec) — a provincial chain of liquor stores. You won’t find them in regular supermarkets like in some U.S. states.

• You must show ID if you appear under 25 — usually a government-issued photo ID like a driver’s licence or health card.

Cannabis in Quebec

Cannabis is legal across Canada, but each province manages its sale, possession, and us differently.

• In Quebec, cannabis is sold exclusively through the SQDC (Société québécoise du cannabis) — a government-run retailer. You can buy in-store or online, but you’ll need to show ID proving you're at least 21.

• You’re not allowed to grow cannabis at home, even for personal use. This is a provincial law that overrides the federal rule, which allows up to four plants per household elsewhere in Canada.

• Consumption is restricted to private residences or designated areas. Smoking cannabis in public is prohibited, including parks, sidewalks, and patios — similar to tobacco.

Smoking and Vaping Rules

• You can’t smoke or vape (tobacco or cannabis) in public buildings, bars, restaurants, terraces, near doors or windows, schools, or parks.

• Many rental buildings and condos have no-smoking rules in the lease — breaking them can lead to eviction.

• There are strict fines for smoking in prohibited areas, and you might even get reported by neighbours.

Fun (but Useful) Facts

• Quebec has a strong "wine culture," and you'll often find local wines and ciders produced in the province. The SAQ also features many imported French wines that aren’t widely available elsewhere.

• There are seasonal alcohol sales in grocery stores during holidays, but quantities may be limited compared to the SAQ.

• The SQDC doesn’t sell edibles like gummies or brownies, unlike some other provinces. They mainly sell dried cannabis, oils, and capsules.

Everyday Things You Can’t (or Shouldn’t) Do

Let’s get into the stuff people don’t always tell you — everyday things that are actually not allowed or socially frowned upon in Quebec:

• ❌ No loud noise after 10 PM, even on weekends. That includes parties, loud music, and even some renovations. Neighbours will complain — and they’re within their rights.

• ❌ No smoking in public parks, playgrounds, patios, or near building entrances. Some buildings even ban smoking on balconies.

• ❌ You can’t drink alcohol in public spaces (parks, sidewalks, etc.), unless it’s in a licensed area.

• ❌ Parking is tricky in winter. You need to follow snow-clearing schedules or risk being towed.

• ❌ Kids under 12 can’t sit in the front seat of a car, no matter how mature they are.

• ❌ Leaving young children home alone can lead to intervention from child protection services.

• ❌ You can’t make major changes to a rental unit (like painting or installing appliances) without your landlord’s OK.

• ❌ No dumping garbage without sorting it. Recycling and composting are mandatory in most places — you’ll get fined for tossing it all in one bin.

Public Spaces: Navigating Quebec’s Shared Areas

When it comes to enjoying Quebec’s beautiful public spaces, there are a few rules to keep in mind, especially regarding alcohol consumption, which can impact teens more than others . Drinking alcohol in public places like parks and plazas is generally prohibited unless you’re in a designated area such as a bar or restaurant. This helps keep public spaces family-friendly and safe for everyone.

The minimum legal drinking age of 18 applies everywhere, including public spaces, so underage drinking is a no-go. Local law enforcement agencies are quite strict about public intoxication and disorderly conduct, so it’s best to enjoy your drinks in appropriate settings.

If you’re visiting Quebec, make sure you’re aware of these regulations to avoid any potential issues. Enjoy the local culture, but always keep the rules in mind to ensure a smooth and enjoyable experience.

Work and Professional Life

If you’ve got a work permit or permanent residency, you’re good to work. But certain professions in Quebec are regulated:

• Teachers, nurses, electricians, engineers, and others need to be part of provincial “orders” — professional bodies that regulate licensing.

• Some jobs require diploma recognition and official evaluation of your credentials.

• French is often mandatory — even in private sector jobs — especially if you’re dealing with clients or the public.

Heads up: In Quebec, public employees (like teachers or police officers) are not allowed to wear visible religious symbols on the job. That’s part of a law called Bill 21. It's been controversial — but it’s still in effect.

Driving in Quebec comes with a few important rules — some of which might surprise you if you’re used to driving elsewhere in Canada or abroad.

Foreign Licences

You can drive with your foreign licence for up to 6 months after you arrive. After that, you’ll need to exchange it for a Quebec licence through the SAAQ (Société de l'assurance automobile du Québec). If your home country has a reciprocal agreement with Quebec, you might be able to swap it without taking a test. Otherwise, a written and practical exam may be required.

Pro tip: Book your appointment with the SAAQ early — wait times can be long in larger cities like Montreal and Quebec City.

Car Insurance Is Mandatory

All vehicles must be insured, even if you’re not driving them regularly. Quebec’s public auto insurance (SAAQ) covers bodily injury, while private insurance is required for property damage. Driving without insurance is a serious offence and can lead to major fines or having your vehicle seized.

Winter Tires Are Non-Negotiable

From December 1 to March 15, winter tires are mandatory by law — not just “recommended.” Even if it hasn’t snowed yet, driving without proper tires during this period can lead to fines and trouble with your insurance if you get into an accident. Tires must be marked with the mountain snowflake symbol to be considered compliant.

Rentals and used cars must also have winter tires during this time — so double-check before signing anything.

Radar Detectors = Big No

Even if it’s turned off and just sitting in your glove box, owning or transporting a radar detector is illegal in Quebec. Police can confiscate the device, and you may be fined on the spot.

Child Car Seats

Children must be in appropriate car seats or booster seats based on their age, height, and weight. In general:

• Infants and toddlers must be in rear-facing or convertible car seats.

• Children under 63 cm (about 4'1") tall while seated must use a booster seat.

• Kids under 12 years old are not allowed in the front seat unless absolutely necessary.

Not following these rules could lead to fines and demerit points on your licence.

Other Things to Know:

• Hands-free only: Using a handheld phone while driving is illegal. Even at a red light.

• Flashing green lights don’t mean the same as in the rest of Canada. In Quebec, a flashing green usually means you have a protected left turn, and oncoming traffic has a red.

• Flashing amber or red lights at school zones mean you must stop, no exceptions.

• Street parking rules vary block by block, and winter snow-clearing schedules change often — always check the signs carefully.

Shopping and Consumer Protection

Quebec has some of the strongest consumer protection laws in Canada — designed to make sure you’re treated fairly whether you’re buying a couch, signing up for a gym membership, or even consulting with lawyers when needed. If you're new to the province, this is great news: the law is generally on your side, as long as you know your rights.

Here are some key things you should know:

Grace Periods (Right to Cancel)

You can cancel certain contracts within a set number of days — no penalty, no questions asked. This applies to:

• Gym and fitness centre contracts

• Private education services

• Door-to-door sales

• Some online purchases or long-distance sales

The cancellation period depends on the type of contract but often ranges from 2 to 10 days. The business is required to refund you in full within a specific time frame.

Automatic Renewals

Some businesses — like magazines, cable providers, or subscription services — may try to automatically renew your contract when it expires. In Quebec, you have the right to refuse automatic renewal unless it was clearly disclosed in advance and you gave informed consent. You should receive notice ahead of time, giving you the option to cancel.

Tip: Always read emails or letters from service providers closely — if you ignore them, they might consider your silence as approval.

Misleading Advertising

Quebec has strict rules against false or deceptive advertising, especially when it comes to pricing, performance claims, and “limited time” promotions. If a product doesn’t do what the company promised, or if you were misled into buying it, you can file a complaint.

Also — and this is unique — advertising to children under 13 is banned. This includes TV ads, in-store displays, online games, and even product packaging in some cases.

Price Accuracy Law

If you’re shopping in a store and the item scans higher than the shelf label, you may be entitled to a discount — or even get it free — under the Price Accuracy Policy. For example:

• If the item costs $10 or less, and it scans too high, you get it for free.

• If it costs more than $10, you get $10 off the correct price.

Stores don’t always mention this — but you can (and should) speak up at the cash register.

Warranties and Repairs

When you buy a product in Quebec, you’re automatically protected by a legal warranty — even if the store or manufacturer doesn’t offer one. This means that:

• The product should last a reasonable amount of time

• It must do what it’s supposed to do

• It must match its description or advertising

If something breaks too soon or doesn’t work as promised, you may be entitled to repair, replacement, or a refund — even if the return period is over.

Need help? If a business refuses to honour your rights, you can contact the Office de la protection du consommateur (Quebec’s Consumer Protection Office) — they provide information and can guide you through complaints or legal steps if needed.

Community Resources: Finding Support and Connections

Quebec offers a variety of community resources to support individuals dealing with alcohol addiction or underage drinking. The Canadian Centre for Substance Use and Addiction is a great starting point, providing valuable information and resources on alcohol use and addiction.

Local health clinics and support groups are available to offer counselling and treatment services for those affected by alcoholism. These resources are designed to help individuals and families navigate the challenges associated with alcohol use.

Parents and youth can also find plenty of information on responsible drinking practices and the risks of underage drinking. Quebec’s community resources aim to promote healthy lifestyles and provide support to those in need. Whether you’re looking for help for yourself or a loved one, these services are accessible through local health services or online platforms.

By following this plan, the new sections will blend seamlessly with the existing content, providing newcomers with a comprehensive and friendly guide to life in Quebec.

Final Thoughts

Life in Quebec is full of charm — but also full of rules. Don’t worry, though — once you get the hang of it, things fall into place. Just take it step by step. Respect the culture, make an effort with the language, and ask when you’re not sure. Most locals are more than happy to help you out if you’re respectful and trying your best.

Welcome to Quebec —you’ve got this.